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Herbert Bernard Callen (1919 – May 22, 1993) was an American physicist best known as the author of the textbook ''Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics'', the most frequently cited thermodynamic reference in physics research literature. During World War II he was also called upon to undertake theoretical studies of the principles underpinning the effort to create the atom bomb. A native of Philadelphia, Herbert Callen received his Bachelor of Science degree from Temple University.〔(Callen, Herbert Bernard, Biographies, The Lower Merion Historical Society )〕 He married in 1945, as the war and his work for the Manhattan Project were coming to an end, and subsequently studied for a PhD. in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), receiving his degree in 1947. His graduate advisor was the eminent physicist László Tisza. In 1948, Callen joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania Department of Physics and, in 1984, received the Elliott Cresson Medal from the Franklin Institute. He was also the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship for the academic year 1972/1973,〔(Herbert B. Callen – John Simon Guggenheim Foundation )〕 and his distinguished career in physics was capped by induction into the National Academy of Sciences in 1990. Specialists consider that his most lasting contribution to physics remains the proof of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, an extremely general result describing how a system's response to perturbations relates to its behavior at equilibrium; as well as his classic text on Thermodynamics, which was published in two editions, translated into many languages, and continues to be used at the graduate and undergraduate level in Thermodynamics courses around the world. After battling Alzheimer's disease for eleven years, Herbert Callen died in the Philadelphia suburb of Merion at the age of 73. He and his wife, Sara Smith, had two children, Jed and Jill. ==References== * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herbert Callen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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